"koldom" meaning in All languages combined

See koldom on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Celtic]

Etymology: From *kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom. Maybe cognate with Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”). Etymology templates: {{suf|ine-pro|*kelh₂-|alt2=*-som, *-nom, or *-dom|t1=to break}} *kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom, {{cog|gem-pro|*haltaz|t=limping}} Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=n|g2=|g3=|head=}} *koldom n, {{cel-noun|n}} *koldom n Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-n|kold}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], koldom [nominative, singular], koldou [dual, nominative], koldā [nominative, plural], koldom [singular, vocative], koldou [dual, vocative], koldā [plural, vocative], koldom [accusative, singular], koldou [accusative, dual], koldā [accusative, plural], koldī [genitive, singular], koldous [dual, genitive], koldom [genitive, plural], koldūi [dative, singular], koldobom [dative, dual], koldobos [dative, plural], koldei [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], - [locative, plural], koldū [instrumental, singular], koldobim [dual, instrumental], koldūis [instrumental, plural]
  1. destruction Tags: neuter, reconstruction Derived forms: kelli [Cornish], kelly [Middle-Cornish], köllid, caill [Irish], caill, koldīti Derived forms (Old Irish): coillid Derived forms (Scottish Gaelic): caill
    Sense id: en-koldom-cel-pro-noun-lQey2qBB Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Breton",
              "lang_code": "br",
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "koll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Breton",
          "lang_code": "xbm",
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "coll"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old Cornish",
          "lang_code": "oco",
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "colled"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "sense": "lost",
              "word": "coll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Welsh",
          "lang_code": "wlm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m"
          ],
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "coll"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "sense": "lost",
              "word": "coll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Welsh",
          "lang_code": "wlm",
          "sense": "lost",
          "word": "coll"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
      "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
      "word": "*koll"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "word": "call"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "word": "coill"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "raw_tags": [
                "f"
              ],
              "word": "caill"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Irish",
          "lang_code": "sga",
          "raw_tags": [
            "n"
          ],
          "sense": "destruction",
          "word": "coll"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Goidelic",
      "lang_code": "cel-gae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kelh₂-",
        "alt2": "*-som, *-nom, or *-dom",
        "t1": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*haltaz",
        "t": "limping"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom. Maybe cognate with Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*koldom n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*koldom n",
      "name": "cel-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kold"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/koldom",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cornish"
          ],
          "word": "kelli"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Middle-Cornish"
          ],
          "word": "kelly"
        },
        {
          "word": "köllid"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Irish"
          ],
          "word": "caill"
        },
        {
          "word": "caill"
        },
        {
          "word": "koldīti"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "word": "caill"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Old Irish",
          "word": "coillid"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "destruction"
      ],
      "id": "en-koldom-cel-pro-noun-lQey2qBB",
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "koldom"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cornish"
      ],
      "word": "kelli"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Cornish"
      ],
      "word": "kelly"
    },
    {
      "word": "köllid"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Irish"
      ],
      "word": "caill"
    },
    {
      "word": "caill"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "word": "caill"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Old Irish",
      "word": "coillid"
    },
    {
      "word": "koldīti"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Breton",
              "lang_code": "br",
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "koll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Breton",
          "lang_code": "xbm",
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "coll"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Old Cornish",
          "lang_code": "oco",
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "colled"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "sense": "lost",
              "word": "coll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Welsh",
          "lang_code": "wlm",
          "raw_tags": [
            "m"
          ],
          "sense": "loss",
          "word": "coll"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "sense": "loss",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Welsh",
              "lang_code": "cy",
              "sense": "lost",
              "word": "coll"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Welsh",
          "lang_code": "wlm",
          "sense": "lost",
          "word": "coll"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
      "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
      "word": "*koll"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "word": "coll"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "raw_tags": [
                "m"
              ],
              "word": "call"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "word": "coill"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
                  "lang_code": "gd",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "destruction",
                  "word": "coll"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Irish",
                  "lang_code": "ga",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "f"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "caill"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Manx",
                  "lang_code": "gv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "m"
                  ],
                  "sense": "loss",
                  "word": "coayl"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Irish",
              "lang_code": "mga",
              "raw_tags": [
                "f"
              ],
              "word": "caill"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Irish",
          "lang_code": "sga",
          "raw_tags": [
            "n"
          ],
          "sense": "destruction",
          "word": "coll"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Goidelic",
      "lang_code": "cel-gae"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kelh₂-",
        "alt2": "*-som, *-nom, or *-dom",
        "t1": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*haltaz",
        "t": "limping"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom. Maybe cognate with Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koldūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*koldom n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "*koldom n",
      "name": "cel-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kold"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/koldom",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "destruction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "koldom"
}

Download raw JSONL data for koldom meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.